Beberapa Kalimat Sapaan dalam Bahasa Jepang

^Catatan:

^{Post-post lain tentang bahasa Jepang di blog ini bisa Anda temukan di halaman direktori nihongo.}

^{Note:
Bentuk-bentuk yang diberikan di sini adalah ucapan yang bertendensi sopan pada lawan bicara. Jadi, di sini Anda akan lebih sering menemukan partikel “desu” (bukannya “da”). Ini juga akan diwakili dengan pemberian akhiran -masu pada berbagai kata kerja, berbeda dengan berbagai bentuk dasar yang sudah dicontohkan di dua post sebelumnya. ^^}

Yang Umum diucapkan di Awal Pembicaraan

[JAP] Ohayou / Ohayou gozaimasu
[INA] “selamat pagi”

[JAP] Konnichiwa
[INA] “selamat siang”

[JAP] Konbanwa
[INA] “selamat malam”

[JAP] Yoroshiku onegaishimasu
[INA] “mohon bimbingannya” / “mohon bantuannya”

–> (biasanya diucapkan pada saat berkenalan, atau pada saat akan mengerjakan sesuatu bersama-sama)

[JAP] O genki desu ka?
[INA] “Apakah Anda sehat?”

[JAP] O kage desu
[INA] “Saya sehat-sehat saja.”
–> (digunakan untuk menjawab “O genki desu ka?”)

[JAP] Kyou wa ii o tenki desu ne?
[INA] “Cuaca hari ini bagus, bukan?”

[JAP] Youkoso!
[INA] “Selamat datang!”

[JAP] Moshi-moshi…
[INA] “Halo…” (berbicara lewat telepon)

…

Yang umum diucapkan Selama Percakapan Berlangsung

[JAP] Hai
[INA] Ya

–> (untuk menyetujui sesuatu atau menjawab pertanyaan)

[JAP] Iie
[INA] “Tidak”

–> (kebalikannya “hai”)

[JAP] Arigatou / Arigatou gozaimasu
[INA] “Terima kasih”

–> (gozaimasu di sini dipakai untuk ucapan formal, atau bisa juga menyatakan “terima kasih banyak”)

[JAP] Gomen na sai
[INA] “Mohon maaf”

[JAP] Sumimasen
[INA] “Permisi”

–> (bisa juga diterapkan untuk minta maaf, tapi (umumnya) dalam kadar yang lebih ringan daripada “gomen na sai”)

[JAP] Zannen desu
[INA] “sayang sekali” / “amat disayangkan”

[JAP] Omedetto, ne
[INA] “Selamat ya”

–> (untuk beberapa hal yang baru dicapai, e.g. kelulusan, menang lomba, dsb)

[JAP] Dame / Dame desu yo
[INA] “jangan” / “sebaiknya jangan”

[JAP] Suteki desu ne
[INA] “Bagus ya…” / “indah ya…”

–> (untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang menarik, e.g. ‘hari yang indah’)

[JAP] Sugoi! / Sugoi desu yo!
[INA] “Hebat!”

[JAP] Sou desu ka
[INA] “Jadi begitu…”

–> (menyatakan pengertian atas suatu masalah)

[JAP] Daijoubu desu / Heiki desu
[INA] “(saya) tidak apa-apa” / “(saya) baik-baik saja”

…

Jika Anda Kesulitan menangkap Ucapan Lawan Bicara Anda

[JAP] Chotto yukkuri itte kudasai.
[INA] “Tolong ucapkan lagi dengan lebih lambat.”

[JAP] Mou ichido itte kudasai.
[INA] “Tolong ucapkan sekali lagi.”

[JAP] Motto hakkiri itte kudasai.
[INA] “Tolong ucapkan dengan lebih jelas.”

…

Untuk Mengakhiri Pembicaraan

[JAP] Sayonara
[INA] “Selamat tinggal”

[JAP] Mata aimashou
[INA] “Ayo bertemu lagi kapan-kapan”

[JAP] Ja, mata / mata ne
[INA] “Sampai jumpa”

[JAP] Mata ashita
[INA] “Sampai jumpa besok”

…

Beberapa Kalimat yang Tidak Selalu Muncul dalam Dialog, tetapi merupakan Elemen Kebudayaan Jepang

[JAP] Irasshaimase!
[INA] “Selamat datang!”

–> (kalimat ini hanya diucapkan oleh petugas toko ketika Anda berkunjung)

[JAP] Itekimasu!
[INA] “Berangkat sekarang!”

–> (kalimat ini diucapkan ketika Anda hendak pergi meninggalkan rumah pada orang yang tetap tinggal di dalam)

[JAP] Iterasshai
[INA] “Hati-hati di jalan”

–> (diucapkan ketika seseorang hendak pergi ke luar rumah; umumnya sebagai jawaban untuk “Itekimasu”)

[JAP] Itadakimasu
[INA] [literal] “Terima kasih atas makanannya”

–> (kalimat ini sebenarnya tidak diartikan secara harfiah. Masyarakat Jepang biasanya mengucapkan kalimat ini sebagai ungkapan rasa syukur atas makanan yang dihidangkan)

[JAP] Gochisousama deshita
[INA] [literal] “perjamuan/hidangan sudah selesai”

–> (seperti “Itadakimasu”, kalimat ini juga tidak diartikan secara harfiah. Masyarakat Jepang pada umumnya mengucapkan kalimat ini seusai makan)

[JAP] Kimochi…!
[INA] [literal] “perasaan/isi hati”

–> (kata ini umum diucapkan jika Anda merasakan sesuatu yang nyaman di suatu tempat. E.g. Jika Anda pergi ke gunung dan merasa bahwa udara di sana nyaman, maka kata ini bisa Anda gunakan untuk menjelaskannya.

6 Tips Artikel Keamanan komputer

Artikel Keamanan komputer !? mungkin ini adalah sesuatu yang sering dibahas dalam berbagai artikel tentang komputer di seluruh blog di internet. Saya sendiri sejak komputerku terhubung dengan internet belum sekalipun menghadapi masalah yang serius dengan namanya virus. Walaupun pernah sesekali dibuat pusing olehnya

Yah setidaknya sampai artikel keamanan komputer ini ditulis !!!

Menurut aku ada 6 hal yang mesti kita lakukan supaya komputer tecinta kita nggak terkena atau terjangkit sebuah virus. Otomatis jika kita bicara kemanan komputer maka kita berbicara bagaimana mencegah virus komputer.

Sedangkan untuk urusan keamanan komputer dari aksi para maling itu diluar artikel ini ya Disini hanya mengkhususkan diri utuk virus internet.

Berikut 6 Tips artikel Keamanan Komputer menurut Bintang Taufik :

1. Gunakan AntiVirus

Tentu saja ini yang paling penting. Mau nggak mau anti virus seperti sebuah penjaga yang akan mencegah berbagai macam virus. Oh ya! Jika nggk punya duit jangan gunakan antivirus bajakan…gunakan antivirus gratis saja. Tidak kalah hebat kok dalam membasmi virus internet.

2. UPDATE!

Jangan lupa untuk selalu mengupdate apapun demi keamanan komputer. Bukan hanya anti virus saja yang diupdate. SEMUANYA! baik itu Operating Systemnya, Software yang terinstall maupun driver. Tidak ada perangkat lunak atau software yang sempurna..pasti ada sebuah celah keamanan. Jangan percaya programmer yang berkata “Software saya sepurna dalam keamanan komputer”

Untuk menutup lubang keamanan itu kita harus update dan update. Karena virus internet juga selalu update dan update.

3. Hati-hati saat browsing

Kebanyakan virus internet menyebar dari situs porno maupun warez (mp3 ilegal, software bajakan dsb). Jika tidak mau terkena virus ya jangan kesana. Ini cara terbaik dalam mencegah virus komputer.

Tapi saya tahu anda sudah kecanduan dengan situs semacam itu. Maka daripada itu jika ada peringatan dari browser anda, lebih baik acuhkan saja situs tersebut. Atau saat berkunjung ke website itu muncul kotak dialog yang isinya meminta untuk menginstall sesuatu..sudah acuhkan saja.

Berhati-hatilah biasanya situs semacam itu menggunakan permainan kata-kata seperti sedang memberikan hadiah kepada anda. Kenyataanya itu adalah sebuah virus internet yang dapat mengganggu keamanan komputer.

4. Selalu scan file yang di download

Apapun file yang anda download walaupun itu berasal dari website yang terpercaya seperti blog ini. Itu Harus tetap diSCAN pakai anti virus. Contohnya setelah anda mendownload ebook gratis, apa anda yakin ebook itu bebas kuman eh maksudnya bebas virus. Atau saat mendapatkan script gratis..apa benar script itu benar-benar aman.

Mencegah itu selalu lebih baik daripada mengobati

5. Hati-hati email

Salah satu penyebaran virus internet adalah melalui email. Apalagi jika mendapat email yang berisi file seperti EXE, VBS, BAT. Ditambah itu dikirim oleh orang asing…bisa-bisa virus internet itu mematikan komputer lalu reboot dan muncul pesan “Selamat Harddisk anda kapasitasnya bertambah ”

Gimana nggak bertambah, lha wong semua file dihapus.

6. Baca terus Artikel keamanan komputer

Perkembangan sebuah komputer itu berjalan seperti halnya seekor panther …cepat sekali. Mungkin artikel kemanan komputer yang anda baca 1 bulan yang lalu sudah usang termakan zaman. Jadi terus-teruslah membaca berbagai artikel komputer yang bagus seperti di blog ini

Manfaat komputer itu memang banyak sekali. Tapi disaat bersamaan juga muncul hal-hal yang merepotkan supaya keamanan komputer itu terjaga.

Selesai! Maaf jika ada ejaan bahasa yang ngawur dan terlihat ndeso.

Jangan hanya baca tulisan diatas. Baca Juga tulisan bintang yang lain:

1. Cara mematikan Komputer dengan BUNUH DIRI Mematikan komputer adalah hal yang biasa jika kita
2. Software Antivirus Gratis Yang WAJIB dimiliki Yang namanya komputer terkoneksi dengan internet.
3. Manfaat teknologi komputer, benarkah ada! Komputer pada masa ini sudah menjadi bagian sehari
4. Tutorial System Registry, apa dan mengapa? Pada artikel komputer kali ini bintang akan menuli

MATRIX OPERATIONS

The basic matrix operations are addition(+), subtraction(-), multiplication (*),

and conjugate transpose(‘) of matrices. In addition to the above basic operations,

MATLAB has two forms of matrix division: the left inverse operator \

or the right inverse operator /.

Matrices of the same dimension may be subtracted or added. Thus if E and F

are entered in MATLAB as

E = [7 2 3; 4 3 6; 8 1 5];

F = [1 4 2; 6 7 5; 1 9 1];

and

G = E - F

H = E + F

then, matrices G and H will appear on the screen as

G =

6 -2 1

-2 -4 1

7 -8 4

H =

8 6 5

10 10 11

9 10 6

A scalar (1-by-1 matrix) may be added to or subtracted from a matrix. In this

particular case, the scalar is added to or subtracted from all the elements of another

matrix. For example,

J = H + 1

gives

J =

9 7 6

11 11 12

10 11 7

Matrix multiplication is defined provided the inner dimensions of the two operands

are the same. Thus, if X is an n-by-m matrix and Y is i-by-j matrix,

X*Y is defined provided m is equal to i. Since E and F are 3-by-3 matrices,

the product

Q = E*F

results as

Q =

22 69 27

28 91 29

19 84 26

Any matrix can be multiplied by a scalar. For example,

2*Q

gives

ans =

44 138 54

56 182 58

38 168 52

Note that if a variable name and the “=” sign are omitted, a variable name ans

is automatically created.

Matrix division can either be the left division operator \ or the right division

operator /. The right division a/b, for instance, is algebraically equivalent to

a

b

while the left division a\b is algebraically equivalent to

b

a

.

If Z * I = V and Z is non-singular, the left division, Z\V is equivalent to

MATLAB expression

I = inv(Z) *V

where inv is the MATLAB function for obtaining the inverse of a matrix. The

right division denoted by V/Z is equivalent to the MATLAB expression

I = V *inv(Z)

There are MATLAB functions that can be used to produce special matrices.

Examples are given in Table 1.3.

Table 1.3

Some Utility Matrices

Function	Description
ones(n,m)	Produces n-by-m matrix with all the elements being unity
eye(n)	gives n-by-n identity matrix
zeros(n,m)	Produces n-by-m matrix of zeros
diag(A)	Produce a vector consisting of diagonal of a square matrix A

What is a Conjunction?

A conjunction is a word that "joins". A conjunction joins two parts of a sentence

Form

Conjunctions have three basic forms:

• Single Word
  for example: and, but, because, although
• Compound (often ending with as or that)
  for example: provided that, as long as, in order that
• Correlative (surrounding an adverb or adjective)
  for example: so...that

Function

Conjunctions have two basic functions or "jobs":

• Coordinating conjunctions are used to join two parts of a sentence that are grammatically equal. The two parts may be single words or clauses, for example:
  - Jack and Jill went up the hill.
  - The water was warm, but I didn't go swimming.
• Subordinating conjunctions are used to join a subordinate dependent clause to a main clause, for example:
  - I went swimming although it was cold.

Position

• Coordinating conjunctions always come between the words or clauses that they join.
• Subordinating conjunctions usually come at the beginning of the subordinate clause

Coordinating conjunctions are the simplest kind, and they denote equality of relationship between the ideas they join. Their relatives, correlative conjunctions, not only denote equality, but they also make the joining tighter and more emphatic.

Coordinating Conjunctions	Correlative Conjunctions
and but or nor for so yet	both . . . and not only . . . but also either . . . or neither . . . nor whether . . . or just as . . . so too

Examples:

• John and Sally built a fish pond.
• The train was late, and Tom was tired.
• Just as the smell of baking brought back memories, so too did the taste of the cider.

Coordinating and correlative conjunctions are great when two ideas are of the same importance, but many times one idea is more important than another. Subordinating conjunctions allow a writer to show which idea is more and which is less important. The idea in the main clause is the more important, while the idea in the subordinate clause (made subordinate by the subordinating conjunction) is less important. The subordinate clause supplies a time, reason, condition, and so on for the main clause.

Subordinating Conjunctions
Time	Reason	Concession	Place	Condition	Manner
after before since when whenever while until as as . . . as once	because since so that in order that why	although though even though while	where wherever	if unless until in case provided that assuming that even if	as if as though how

Examples:

• Sally steamed the corn while Fred fried the steaks.
• After the rain stopped, the dog ran into the mud to play.
• The snowman melted because the sun came out.
• Even though John fell asleep, the telephone salesman kept talking.

Conjunctive adverbs make up an even stronger category of conjunctions. They show logical relationships between two independent sentences, between sections of paragraphs, or between entire paragraphs. Conjunctive adverbs are so emphatic that they should be used sparingly; however, when used appropriately, they can be quite effective.

Conjunctive Adverbs
also hence however still likewise otherwise therefore conversely rather	consequently furthermore nevertheless instead moreover then thus meanwhile accordingly

Examples:

• If the salmon is grilled, I will have that; otherwise, I might have the chicken.
• James has a garage full of wood working tools. He might, however, have some metric wrenches, too.
• I do not recommend that you play with a stick of dynamite lit at both ends. Rather, a ham sandwich would be better for you.

Relative pronouns and relative adjectives are also used to join ideas together by creating adjective or noun clauses, which allow a writer to create smoother, more flowing and effective sentences by combining ideas.

Relative Pronouns and Relative Adjectives
who whom whose whoever whomever	which that what whichever whatever

Examples:

• This is the man who sells peanuts.
• Tell me what you want.
• Hers is an idea that I would like to think through.
• The shirts, which are in the laundry, will need ironing.

Adverbs of time, place, and sequence are actually transitions of logic, but as such they also have conjunctive force, because they connect ideas by showing a time relationship.

Adverbs of Time, Place, and Sequence
earlier next lastly later before after	then now soon here there today	first second third fourth eventually tomorrow

Examples:

• The twilight glides away. Soon night will awake.
• First, get a pad and pencil. Next, find a quiet place to think.

Expletives are closely related to conjunctive adverbs. The "official" line on expletives is that they convey no meaning of their own but instead serve only to emphasize the statement to which they are attached. As such, then, they technically do not show a logical relationship like time or cause between ideas, and that fact prevents them from being true-blue conjunctive adverbs. But it could be argued that expletives create a relationship of emphasis between ideas: this new idea is important in light of what preceded it. Indeed, that is why they are included here.

Expletives
of course indeed naturally after all in short I hope at least remarkably	in fact I think it seems in brief clearly I suppose assuredly definitely	to be sure without doubt for all that on the whole in any event importantly certainly naturally

Examples:

• The flashlight hit the floor and broke into a hundred pieces. At least there was a candle in the room.
• They all began to use appropriate expletives in their writing. They were convinced, I suppose, by the excellent examples.
• The conjunction list has left the building. On the whole, I hope you enjoyed it.